International Research Focuses and Future Challenges of Landscape Architecture in the 21st Century

With the acceleration of global urbanization since the begining of 21st century, the challenges of climate and ecological environment changes, population growth and cultural diversification have become increasingly severe. The landscape architecture discipline, which focuses on harmonizing the relationship between man and nature, has been proved to benefit human well-being, actively promote multi-disciplinary cooperation and expand the connotation of the discipline in addressing and mitigating these challenges. To comprehensively figure out the international status and future challenges in the development of landscape architecture, this paper sorts out the literature published in English between 2000 and 2020, and discusses the future challenges and countermeasures. The findings reveal that landscape architecture has made positive progress in climate change, ecological environment, green infrastructure, built environment, cultural landscape, human well-being, landscape performance, management, big data and tool innovation in the past 20 years. However, it still faces big challenges in solving food and ecological crisis, building a more inclusive living environment, promoting interdisciplinary cooperation, and enhancing practical education. In the future, landscape architecture should be further strengthened in the aspects of multi-scale relevance and systematic research, interdisciplinary cooperation and application of new technologies.