The Development History of Landscape Consciousness and Conservation System in Japan

Summarizing the formation and development history of landscape conservation in Japan, this research has uncovered different ideas for each period, which cover famous places, scenic areas and aesthetic areas, national parks and scenic forests, historical terrains, historical districts, cultural landscapes, Landscape Law, and HUL (historic urban landscape) proposed by UNESCO. The keywords and technical means used in different periods reflect the evolving perception on landscape in Japan under the influence of the awakening ethnic consciousness and world trends. On the basis of these evolving perceptions, the Japanese landscape protection system has been continuously updated and developed. However, the differences caused by the cultural roots still exist and are challenges for Japan to further promote landscape conservation and improve system construction.