Objective At this stage, Beijing's urban development has entered an era of stock renewal, and urban landscaping has also shifted from “incremental expansion” to “stock quality improvement”. In this context, the concept of the capital as a “Garden City” has emerged. It is a new idea and strategy for the high-quality development of the capital, pointing out the direction for Beijing to build itself into a “world-class, harmonious and livable capital”. To better achieve the goal of “building the capital into a large garden”, Based on its green resource endowments, Beijing has designated 15 essential areas for the garden city. The “Xiaoxishan - Three Hills and Five Gardens” area is one of the 15 essential areas designated in Beijing. With the continuous deepening of the “government affairs guarantee function” in recent years, the “Three Hills and Five Gardens” area has entered a new stage of stock optimization. At present, a new round of environmental improvement and upgrading actions is being promoted in this region. How to align with the current requirements for building a garden city and explore pathways for the renewal and quality enhancement of green spaces in the essence area is of great significance for protecting and inheriting historical and cultural context, optimizing ecosystem service functions, improving the overall environmental quality, and enhancing the attractiveness and vitality of the essence area.
Methods This research Interpret the construction content of the garden city and analysis of the natural and humanistic advantages that make the “Xiaoxishan - Three Hills and Five Gardens” area designated as an essential area. On this basis, focus on three types of green spaces in the essence areas that are closely integrated with recreational functions: Yuanwaiyuan, historical garden, and greenways as the research objects. Guided by these problems, corresponding strategies for renewal and quality improvement are proposed from three aspects: overall planning of the area, meticulous shaping of nodes and linear connectivity.
Results By implementing the spatial coordination strategies of “overall planning of the area, meticulous shaping of nodes and linear connectivity”, we aim to enhance the quality and efficiency of regional green spaces in essential areas. The objective of overall area planning is to achieve the integration and optimization of the Yuanwaiyuan. It primarily adopts the following four strategies:1) Shape landscape features in different areas according to their respective landscape characteristics. 2) Dig deep into historical and cultural information, in light of the current conditions of the site and through methods of reproducing historical features and marking historical memories to realize the expression and presentation of historical cultural information.3) Proceeding from ecological service functions and the actual usage needs of visitors, implement the “quantity reduction and quality improvement” strategy within green spaces.4) Improve the recreational functions of the area to enrich visitors' experience. Meticulous shaping of nodes, aiming at the green rebirth of historic famous gardens, mainly adopts the following three strategies: 1) The surrounding environment of historic gardens which as an integral part of the green base of the “Three Hills and Five Gardens”. It should be consistent with the overall landscape of the “Three Hills and Five Gardens” in terms of spatial pattern and landscape style. 2) Enhancing the quality of the historic gardens themselves. 3) Promoting the activation and utilization of historic gardens to realize the transformation from a single “garden scene” to multiple “scenarios”. The goal of linear connection is to energize greenway networks, and it primarily adopts the following three strategies:1) Upgrade and enhance existing greenways. 2) Establish a greenway network system. 3) Create distinctive brand travel routes.
Conclusion The development of green space in the “Xiaoxishan - Three Hills and Five Gardens” essential area needs to break the traditional concept of “gardens” and regard different types of green spaces as organic components of the green base. By establishing a three-level spatial strategy system of “surface-point-line”, we will promote the transformation of project practice from the mindset of “protection and development of a single garden" to “integration and optimization of regional green spaces”. Enhancing regional landscape quality and cultural value to foster the synergistic coexistence of historic preservation and contemporary urban development.
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